Albion is also applied to England in a more poetic capacity, though its original meaning is the island of Britain as a whole. A romantic name for England is Loegria, related to the Welsh word for England, Lloegr, and made popular by its use in Arthurian legend. In Scottish Gaelic, the Saxon tribe gave their name to the word for England ( Sasunn) similarly, the Welsh name for the English language is " Saesneg". How and why a term derived from the name of a tribe that was less significant than others, such as the Saxons, came to be used for the entire country is not known, but it seems this is related to the custom of calling the Germanic people in Britain Angli Saxones or English Saxons to distinguish them from continental Saxons (Eald-Seaxe) of Old Saxony in Germany. The etymology of the tribal name itself is disputed by scholars it has been suggested that it derives from the shape of the Angeln peninsula, an angular shape. The earliest attested reference to the Angles occurs in the 1st-century work by Tacitus, Germania, in which the Latin word Anglii is used. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recorded that the Domesday Book of 1086 covered the whole of England, meaning the English kingdom, but a few years later the Chronicle stated that King Malcolm III went "out of Scotlande into Lothian in Englaland", thus using it in the more ancient sense. The term was then used to mean "the land inhabited by the English", and it included English people in what is now south-east Scotland but was then part of the English kingdom of Northumbria. The earliest recorded use of the term, as " Engla londe", is in the late-ninth-century translation into Old English of Bede's Ecclesiastical History of the English People. The Angles came from the Anglia peninsula in the Bay of Kiel area (present-day German state of Schleswig-Holstein) of the Baltic Sea. The Angles were one of the Germanic tribes that settled in Great Britain during the Early Middle Ages. The name "England" is derived from the Old English name Englaland, which means "land of the Angles". England's population of 56.3 million comprises 84% of the population of the United Kingdom, largely concentrated around London, the southeast, and conurbations in the centre, the northwest, the northeast, and Yorkshire, which each developed as major industrial regions during the 19th century. The country's capital is London, the greater metropolitan of which has a population of 14.2 million as of 2021, representing the United Kingdom's largest metropolitan area. Upland and mountainous terrain is mostly found in the north and west, including Dartmoor, the Lake District, the Pennines, and the Shropshire Hills. Įngland's terrain chiefly consists of low hills and plains, especially in the centre and south. Both universities are ranked among the most prestigious in the world. England is home to the two oldest universities in the English-speaking world: the University of Oxford, founded in 1096, and the University of Cambridge, founded in 1209. The Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first industrialised nation. Įngland is the origin of many well-known worldwide exports, including the English language, the English law system (which served as the basis for the common law systems of many other countries), association football (the world's most popular sport), and the Church of England its parliamentary system of government has been widely adopted by other nations. ![]() ![]() The Kingdom of England, which included Wales after 1535, ceased being a separate sovereign state on when the Acts of Union put the terms agreed in the Treaty of Union the previous year into effect this resulted in a political union with the Kingdom of Scotland that created the Kingdom of Great Britain. England became a unified state in the 10th century and has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world since the Age of Discovery, which began during the 15th century. The area now called England was first inhabited by modern humans during the Upper Paleolithic, but takes its name from the Angles, a Germanic tribe who settled during the 5th and 6th centuries. The country covers roughly 62% of the island of Great Britain, which is in the North Atlantic, and includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight. It is separated from continental Europe by the North Sea to the east and the English Channel to the south. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north, while Ireland is located across the Irish Sea to its west and northwest, and the Celtic Sea lies to its southwest. ^ ONS Standard Area Measurement, 'Area to Mean High Water Excluding Inland Water'Įngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. ![]()
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